Giovanni F. Akola, Franco Cardini, Domenico Del Niro, Giordano Bruno Gehry, Gennaro Margiri, Gennaro San Giuliano, Mirella Seri, Marcelo Veneziani.
Akwai 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan da suka rage don mafi sihirin dare na shekara: na Janairu 5th, da Befana Night, wanda kuma ake kira "Dare na Sha biyu" saboda yana faruwa kwanaki goma sha biyu bayan Kirsimeti kuma ya ƙare lokacin nassi daga vegionque du. capod annocua du capod nau'in, sabili da haka, kamar kowane "shugaban shekara" yana cike da sihiri.
Wannan kuma ana tunawa da wannan karin magana da ya yadu musamman a Romagna da Tuscany, lokacin da aka yi imani cewa dabbobi sun yi magana da juna a tsakar dare, a jajibirin Epiphany: Mare ". An kuma yi imanin cewa subiya sun kubuta daga zaluncin da iyayengiji suke yi musu, don haka ne a ranar 5 ga watan Janairu manoma suka bindige dabbobinsu, tare da lallausan abinci da abinci mai yawa don haka de.
Amma kuma an yi imanin cewa matattu sun kasance cikin jiki a cikin dabbobin barga waɗanda suka sami ikon sihiri a cikin waɗannan sa'o'i, kamar yadda Majunan Uku su ne masu duba: don haka shaida marar hankali wanda zai so ya saurare su Guistat Luareboretal. na Pasquella, kamar yadda ake kuma kiran Befana, wata matar aure ta faɗi wuta a ƙasa bayan da ta saurari shanunta a cikin barga tana tsinkayar mutuwarta: - "Shin na san yadda zan fuskanci mutuwarta," in ji ɗaya daga cikin budurwar. Sai dayan ya amsa da cewa:- gobe da safe za su kai ta a binne ta.
A takaice dai, a hakikanin gaskiya abin da ake yi a wannan dare, kamar yadda Alfredo Cattabiani ya rubuta, a cikin "Lunario" (Mondadori) ita ce mace ta mutum ta shekara, Mother Nature wanda, ya kai karshen shekara ko shekaru elchiata befana elchiutions, " Dry Comare" wanda za a sa'an nan za a sawed da ƙone, kamar yadda har yanzu faruwa a wurare da yawa a Italiya, musamman a karshen Lent: saboda haka, kafin mutuwa, ta bayar da sweets da graces. na Italiya wanda zai sake bayyana a cikin bazara a Naturas.
A wasu garuruwa, musamman a tsakiyar arewacin Italiya, daga Abruzzo zuwa Romagna da Tuscany, a daren sha biyu na dare har yanzu akwai wani daɗaɗɗen ibada sannan kuma Kiristanci, wato "waƙar Pasquella" da na gidaje. Akwai ƙungiyoyin matasa da tsofaffi, waɗanda ake kira "befanotti", waɗanda bayan waƙa suna karɓar ƙwai, burodi, cuku, tsiran alade: a musayar kyaututtuka masu bara suna haɓaka wadatar sabuwar shekara tare da burinsu. Wadannan ayoyi suna tunatar da mu da haka:
Bikin Pasquella har yanzu yana raye a Recanati, inda mawakan yara ke rera ayoyi kamar haka:
ayoyi ne da suka yi ishara da bukin Epiphany a Gabashin Kiristanci, wanda har yanzu yana raye a Italiya a Piana degli Albanesi, a lardin Palermo, inda ake bikin baftismar Yesu, kamar yadda ya faru a Orostiente, Basiliyawa da suka yi bikin baftisma. na gaskanta cewa zama cikin jiki ya faru ba lokacin haihuwa ba amma lokacin baftisma. Sa'an nan Ikklisiya na Gabas suka karɓi biki, suna rikidewa zuwa bikin haifuwar Almasihu sau huɗu, da bautar Magi, baftismarsa da mu'ujiza ta farko a Kana.
A ƙarshe, zuwa karni na 5, ba a tuna da haihuwar Yesu ba, an saita don 25 ga Disamba, amma adoration na Magi: bayan haka, kalmar Epiphany tana nufin "Bayyana", kuma a gaskiya ma Sicele braenna na "Bayyana" Allah zuwa mutane cikin Ɗansa Yesu”, waɗanda Mazajen nan uku masu hikima suka wakilta. Daga Epifania Zai ɗauki sunan tsohuwar Befana: da farko ta lalace zuwa "Pifania" sannan zuwa "Befania".
Gabas kuma suna kiran Epiphany "biki na fitilu", kuma a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa ana yin bikin "pignarul" a Tarcento, a lardin Udine: da magariba an ɗaga tauraro a saman pentica Cordico Asia Biyu masu hikima uku. Maza a bayan doguwar jerin gwanon mutane sanye da kaya na zamanin da rike da tocila.
Tauraron kuma shine babban jarumin duka a Veneto da kuma a cikin Friuli na "Neman Sarakuna Uku": Mutane uku sun canza kama da Magi kuma suka bi ta hanyar takwarorinsu suna tafiya gida zuwa gida suna ɗauke da tauraro mai mahimmanci na carilta da hannayensu. a musanya “waƙar tauraro” da za su karɓi abinci ko kuɗi.
Amma bari mu koma ga Befana wanda a Italiya aka sani da yawa daban-daban sunaye: misali "Vecchia" a Pavia, da "Pifania" a Lario Orientale, da "Vecia" ko "Stria" a Mantua, Padua, Treviso da kuma Verona; sannan "Pasquetta" a Legnago yayin da a Venice ake kiranta "Marantega" ko "Redodesa", sunan da ake samu a cikin Alps Belluno tare da bambance-bambancen "Redosega", "Redosola" da "Redosa".
Akwai kuma "Sibilia" a cikin Pirano, "Donnazza" a Borca di Cadore, "Anguana" a Cortina d'Ampezzo da "Berola" a lardin Treviso. Kuma a ƙarshe "Femenate" ko "Marangule" a cikin Friuli; "Barbasa" Modena; Piacenza “Mara” da Bologna “Voecia”!
Kuma ko da yake a zahiri duk tsofaffin mayu suna da aiki iri ɗaya, wato kawo kyaututtuka a daren Epiphany, ba dukkansu ba iri ɗaya suke ba, kamar yadda wannan waƙar reno ta nuna:
A wani lokaci, yaran Romawa, yayin da suke jiran isowar Befana a daren ranar 5 ga Janairu, suna rera wata shahararriyar waƙoƙin yara na Roman:
Kuma ina ne "Ƙasar Bbephany", masu karatu za su tambaya? To, akwai wadanda suka ce daidai ne a Roma, a Piazza Navona, inda a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan da yawa daga cikin rumfuna suna nuna kyaututtukan da "Bbefana" zai kawo wa ƙananan yara.
Kuma har ma an ce yana cikin rufin kyakkyawan filin da ita da mijinta Bbefanoto ke ba da kyauta kaɗan a duk shekara. Tabbas, a lokacin babban aiki ’ya’yansu biyu da suke rayuwa a al’adance, ɗaya a Sicily, a Cefalù, ɗayan kuma a Tuscany, kusa da Garfagnana, suna zuwa don taimaka musu.
Ana kiran yaron da Maccavaddu, wanda yake da ƙarfi kuma babba, shi ne zai taimaka wa mahaifiyarsa ta loda jakunkunan kayan wasan yara a kan tsintsiya madaurinta a daren 5 ga Janairu.
A maimakon haka, 'yar mace ta "Bbefana" - sunan Roman Befana - ana kiranta Pifanietta kuma tana da kyau sosai a dinka safa masu launin da yara za su bar a kan murhu, ko a kan davanrazale de la davaniole Marcfan's wanda A yammacin jajibirin Epiphany an rera shi a wasu garuruwan Tuscany:
Amma ko da a cikin Marise Befana yana da gida, musamman a cikin garin Urbania, kusa da Pesaro, inda a kowace shekara a ranar 6 ga Janairu duk Befanas na duniya ke haduwa, wanda ya fi Costinphiliacs tare da kayan zaki masu launuka masu cike da ƴan kyaututtuka.
A kowane hali, kuma duk sunanta da wurin da take zaune, Tsohuwar Mace mai kyau wacce a daren sha biyu bayan Kirsimeti, a ƙarshen lokacin canji tsakanin tsohuwar da sabuwar shekara, ta isa kan lokaci a Epibania albetro, kamar yadda riga ta rigaya. da aka ambata, cewa hali na Mother Nature, tun da ya kai ƙarshen yanayin rayuwa na hunturu; don haka sai ta bayyanar da kanta a matsayin wata tsohuwar mayya mai tausayi tana hawan tsintsiya mai tashi.
Kuma bayan wannan duka, zuwan Befana ya ci gaba da zama babban biki ga yara ƙanana waɗanda za su jira lokacin dawowar ta a wannan shekara, kamar yadda sauran waƙoƙin renon yara suka tabbatar, suna hawan babur.
Amma a kula, Befana ba ta son shaidu, don haka a daren nan dole ne yara su yi barci da wuri, in ba haka ba Tsohuwa mai kyau za ta tashi ba tare da tsayawa ba. Kuma sama da duka suna buƙatar zama mai kyau da karimci tare da duk waɗanda ba su da komai, domin Befana mai sihiri yana gani kuma yana ji, kamar yadda ayoyin Pascoli ke cewa:
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